Bisphenols & Phthalates
OOccupant Health & Exposure
About This Health Driver
Bisphenols (BPA, BPS) and phthalates are plasticizing compounds used in PVC products, epoxy linings, plastic containers, vinyl flooring, synthetic fragrances, and personal care products. They leach from products into air, water, and food through off-gassing, contact, and heat exposure.
How It Affects Bodies
Both compound classes are endocrine disruptors that mimic estrogen, alter thyroid hormone function, and modulate immune cell differentiation. Phthalates are additionally associated with inflammatory pathway activation. Chronic exposure from multiple residential sources creates cumulative endocrine and immune disruption.
Where It Comes From
- Vinyl flooring and wallpaper - phthalate plasticizers off-gassing continuously
- PVC plumbing - BPA and phthalates leaching into water supply
- Food contact plastics - BPA from can linings, containers, and storage bags
- Personal care products - phthalates in synthetic fragrances
- Shower curtains - PVC curtains off-gas phthalates in humid bathroom environments
How to Address It
- PVC-free material specification - no vinyl flooring, vinyl wallpaper, PVC trimInteriors
- Non-PVC plumbing - PEX or copper rather than PVCPlumbing
- Glass and steel food storage - operating manual specificationOperations
- Phthalate-free personal care guidance - operating manualOperations